Gender and Health
It has often been assumed that gender differences in health are inevitable and constant. Life expectancy, for example, is higher for women than men almost everywhere in the world. However, the extent of the gender difference in life expectancy varies greatly globally and within the same country over time. These geographic variations and rapid changes in gender differences in life expectancy illustrate the importance of the social environment in creating social inequalities in health, including inequalities by gender. Our aim is to examine whether, when and why various aspects of men’s and women's health are different, so that we can identify possible ways to improve health.
Our work is distinguished by systematic comparisons by gender. We focus on single sex samples only when there are strong theoretical, policy or practical reasons for doing so. We are investigating: how social structures, institutions and cultural expectations modify the patterning of health by sex and gender; and how the social environment and social constructions of gender influence health behaviours, use of health services, and the risk and experience of physical and mental ill-health.
We focus on health conditions (mental health, cancer, CHD, other chronic illness) and risk factors (obesity, alcohol, smoking, lack of physical activity, poor diet) which are public health priorities, impose large burdens on individuals and society, and provide illustrations of how illnesses can become gender-stereotyped. We have a strong focus on health behaviours because research, including our own, suggests that health behaviours are important for masculine and feminine identities and account for a substantial component of gender differences in morbidity and mortality.
We are using sociological understandings of gender in developing interventions to support behavioural changes, particularly in relation to overweight/obesity, physical inactivity and eating, including the award-winning Football Fans in Training programme.
Because various media sources are such important sites for portraying images of ‘appropriate’ masculinities and femininities, as well as being a common source of information of health, we also focus on film, print, TV and online media influences on health behaviours and gender identities.
Publications
2013
Emslie C, Hunt K, Lyons A. The role of alcohol in forging and maintaining friendships amongst Scottish men in mid-life. Health Psychology 2013;32:33–41
France E, Hunt K, Ziebland S, Wyke S. What parents say about disclosing the end of their pregnancy due to fetal abnormality. Midwifery 2013;29:24–32
pubmedGray CM, Hunt K, Mutrie N, Anderson A, Leishman J, Dalgarno L, Wyke S. Football fans in training: the development and optimization of an intervention delivered through professional sports clubs to help men lose weight, become more active and adopt healthier eating habits. BMC Public Health 2013;[epub ahead of print]
open accessGreen MJ, Leyland AH, Sweeting H, Benzeval M. Socioeconomic position and adolescent trajectories in smoking, drinking and psychiatric distress: a latent class analysis. Journal of Adolescent Health 2013;[epub ahead of print]
Hunt K, McCann C, Gray CM, Mutrie N, Wyke S. 'You've got to walk before you run' positive evaluations of a walking program as part of a gender sensitized weight management program delivered to men through professional football clubs. Health Psychology 2013;32:57-65
MacLean A, Hunt K, Sweeting H. Symptoms of mental health problems: children’s and adolescents’ understanding and implications for gender differences in help-seeking. Children & Society 2013;27:161–173
open accessMaclean A, Sweeting H, Egan M, Der G, Adamson J, Hunt K. How robust is the evidence of an emerging or increasing female excess in physical morbidity between childhood and adolescence? Results of a systematic literature review and meta-analyses. Social Science & Medicine 2013;78:96-112
pubmed open accessMorgenstern M, Sargent JD, Engels RCME, Scholte RHJ, Florek E, Hunt K, Sweeting H, Mathis F, Faggiano F, Hanewinkel R. Smoking in movies and adolescent smoking initiation: longitudinal study in six European countries. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013;44:339-344
2012
Batty GD, Bhaskar A, Emslie C, Benzeval M, Der G, Lewar H, Hunt K. Association of life course socioeconomic disadvantage with future problem drinking and heavy drinking: gender differentials in the west of Scotland. International Journal of Public Health 2012;57:119-26
pubmedEgan M, MacLean A, Sweeting H, Hunt K. Comparing the effectiveness of using generic and specific search terms in electronic databases to identify health outcomes for a systematic review: a prospective comparative study of literature search methods. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001043.
pubmed open accessEmslie C, Hunt K, Lyons A. Older and wiser? Men’s and women’s accounts of drinking in early mid-life. Sociology of Health & Illness 2012;34:481-96
pubmed open accessFrance EF, Locock L, Hunt K, Ziebland S, Field K, Wyke S. Imagined futures: how experiential knowledge of disability affects parents' decision-making about fetal abnormality. Health Expectations 2012;15:139-156
pubmedGreen MJ, Espie CA, Hunt K, Benzeval M. The longitudinal course of insomnia symptoms: inequalities by gender and occupational class among two different age cohorts followed for 20 years in the West of Scotland. Sleep 2012;35:815-23
pubmed open accessHanewinkel R, Sargent JD, Poelen EAP, Scholte R, Florek E, Hunt K, Sweeting H, Karlsdottir S, Jonsson SH, Mathis F, Faggiano F, Morgenstein M. Alcohol consumption in movies and adolescent binge drinking: cross-sectional study in six European countries. Pediatrics 2012;129:709-20
pubmed open accessHunt K, Annandale E. Gender and health volume 1: theoretical and methodological developments. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.
Hunt K, Annandale E. Gender and health volume 2: understanding the patterning of health by gender. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.
Hunt K, Annandale E. Gender and health volume 3: gender and health care. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.
Hunt K, Annandale E. Gender and health volume 4: gender and health behaviours. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.
Jackson CA, Sweeting H, Haw S. Clustering of substance use and sexual risk behaviour in adolescence: analysis of two cohort studies. BMJ Open 2012;2:e000661
pubmed open accessMarkham W, Young R, Sweeting H, West P, Aveyard P. Are the relationships between value-added education and teenage substance use explained by school-level and pupil-level school ethos indicators? A cohort study. Social Science & Medicine 2012;75:69-76
pubmed open accessParkes A, Sweeting H, Wight D. Growing up in Scotland: overweight, obesity and activity - Main Report. Edinburgh, 2012
open accessParkes A, Sweeting H, Wight D. Growing up in Scotland: overweight, obesity and activity - Research Findings no. 4. Edinburgh, 2012
open accessParkes A, Sweeting H, Wight D. Growing up in Scotland: overweight, obesity and activity - Technical Appendix. Edinburgh, 2012
open accessSime CA. Men’s experiences of having breast cancer: a comparison with women’s experiences [PhD], MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit 2012.
open accessSmith E, Sweeting H, Wright C. 'Do I care ?' young adults' recalled experiences of early adolescent overweight and obesity: a qualitative study. International Journal of Obesity 2012;[epub ahead of print]
pubmed open accessSweeting H, Bhaskar A, Hunt K. Positive associations between consumerism and tobacco and alcohol use in early adolescence: cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001446
open accessSweeting H, Hunt K, Bhaskar A. Consumerism and well-being in early adolescence. Journal of Youth Studies 2012;15:802-20
open accessTownsend A. Applying Bourdieu’s theory to accounts of living with multimorbidity. Chronic Illness 2012;8:89-101
pubmedWyke S, Hunt K, Gray CM. 11 PRT/8506: Football Fans in Training (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of a gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme delivered to men aged 35–65 years by Scottish Premier League football clubs (ISRCTN32677491) [protocol]. The Lancet 2012
open accessYoung R, Sweeting H, West P. Associations between DSM-IV diagnosis, psychiatric symptoms and morning cortisol levels in a community sample of adolescents. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2012;47:723-733
pubmed open access2011
Adamson J, Hunt K, Nazareth I. The influence of socio-demographic characteristics on consultation for back pain: a review of the literature. Family Practice 2011;28:163-71
pubmed open accessCarroll D, Phillips AC, Der G, Hunt K, Benzeval M. Blood pressure reactions to acute mental stress and future blood pressure status: data from the 12-year follow-up in the West of Scotland Study. Psychosomatic Medicine 2011;73:737-42
pubmedEntwistle V A, France E F, Wyke S, Jepson R, Hunt K, Ziebland S, Thompson A. How information about other people's personal experiences can help with healthcare decision-making: a qualitative study. Patient Education and Counselling 2011;85:e291-8
pubmedFergie G. Young people’s engagement with health online [MSc Social Science Research (distinction)], MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit 2011.
France E F, Wyke S, Ziebland S, Entwistle V, Hunt K. How personal experiences feature in women's accounts of use of information for decisions about antenatal diagnostic testing for foetal abnormality. Social Science & Medicine 2011;72:755-62
pubmedGray C M, Hunt K, Lorimer K, Anderson AS, Benzeval M, Wyke S. Words matter: a qualitative investigation of which weight status terms are acceptable and motivate weight loss when used by health professionals?. BMC Public Health 2011;11:513
pubmed open accessHanewinkel R, Sargent J D, Karlsdottir S, Jonsson S H, Mathis F, Faggiano F, Poelen E A P, Scholte R, Florek E, Sweeting H, Hunt K, Morgenstein M. High youth access to movies that contain smoking in Europe compared with the USA. Tobacco Control 2011;[epub ahead of print]
pubmedHartley J. Do media portrayals of drinking and sexual/romantic relationships shape constructions of gendered identities among teenagers? [PhD], MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit 2011.
open accessHunt K, Adamson J, Hewitt C, Nazareth I. Do women consult more than men? A review of gender and consultation for back pain and headache. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 2011;16:108-17
pubmed open accessHunt K, Henderson M, Wight D, Sargent J D. Exposure to smoking in films and own smoking among Scottish adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Thorax 2011;66:866-74
pubmed open accessHunt K, Sweeting H, Sargent J, Lewars H, Young R, West P. Is there an association between seeing incidents of alcohol or drug use in films and young Scottish adults' own alcohol or drug use? A cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2011;11:259
pubmed open accessLorimer K, Gray C M, Hunt K, Wyke S, Anderson A, Benzeval M. Response to written feedback of clinical data within a longitudinal study: a qualitative study exploring the ethical implications. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2011;11:10
pubmed open accessMacLean A, Egan M, Sweeting H, Adamson J, Hunt K. Systematic review protocol: how robust is the evidence of an emerging or increasing female excess in morbidity rates between childhood and adolescence?. Glasgow, 2011
open accessMcCartney G, Mahmood L, Leyland AH, Batty GD, Hunt K . Contribution of smoking-related and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries. Tobacco Control 2011;20:166-8
pubmed open accessMorgenstern M, Poelen E A, Scholte R, Karlsdottir S, Jonsson S H, Mathis F, Faggiano F, Florek E, Sweeting H, Hunt K, Sargent J D, Hanewinkel R. Smoking in movies and adolescent smoking: cross-cultural study in six European countries. Thorax 2011;66:875-83
pubmedPhillips C, Hunt K, Der G, Carroll D. Blunted cardiac reactions to acute psychological stress predict symptoms of depression five years later: evidence from a large community study. Psychophysiology 2011;48:142-8
pubmedRidge D, Emslie C, White A. Understanding how men experience, express and cope with mental distress: where next?. Sociology of Health & Illness 2011;33:145-59
pubmed open accessSweeting H, Jackson C, Haw S. Changes in the socio-demographic patterning of late adolescent health risk behaviours during the 1990s: analysis of two West of Scotland cohort studies. BMC Public Health 2011;11:829
pubmed open accessSweeting H, West P, Young R, Kelly S. Dimensions of adolescent subjective social status within the school community: description and correlates. Journal of Adolescence 2011;34:493-504
pubmed open accessSweeting H. No admittance to obese persons [gallery]. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2011;65:386
pubmedWyke S, Entwistle V, France E F, Hunt K, Jepson R, Thompson A, Ziebland S. Information for choice: what people need, prefer and use. Report for the National Institute for Health Research Service Delivery and Organisation programme . London, 2011
open access2010
Green G, Emslie C, O'Neill D, Hunt K, Walker S. Exploring the ambiguities of masculinity in accounts of emotional distress in the military among young ex-servicemen. Social Science & Medicine 2010;71:1480-88
pubmedHunt K, Adamson J, Ebrahim S, Mutrie N. Exercise and the onset of disability in later life. Journal of Aging and Health 2010;22:734-47
pubmedHunt K, Adamson J, Galdas P. Gender and help-seeking: towards gender-comparative studies. In: Kuhlmann E, Annandale E, editors The palgrave handbook of gender and healthcare. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
MacLean A, Sweeting H, Hunt K. ‘Rules’ for boys, ‘guidelines’ for girls: gender differences in symptom reporting during childhood and adolescence. Social Science & Medicine 2010;70:597-604
pubmedSweeting H, West P, Young R, Der G. Can we explain increases in young people's psychological distress over time?. Social Science & Medicine 2010;71:1819-30
pubmed open accessWest P, Sweeting H, Young R, Kelly S. The relative importance of family socioeconomic status and school-based peer hierachies for morning cortisol in youth: an exploratory study. Social Science & Medicine 2010;79:1246-53
pubmed open accessWest P, Sweeting H, Young R. Transition matters: pupils' experiences of the primary-secondary school transition in the West of Scotland and consequences for well-being and attainment. Research Papers in Education 2010;25:21-50
open access2009
Batty GD, Hunt K, Emslie C, Lewars H, Gale C. Alcohol problems and all-cause mortality in men and women: predictive capacity of a clinical screening tool in a 21 year follow-up of a large, UK-wide, general population-based survey. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2009;66:317-321
pubmedBatty GD, Lewars H, Emslie C, Gale C, Hunt K. Internationally recognised guidelines for 'sensible' alcohol consumption: is exceeding them actually detrimental to health and social circumstances? Evidence from a population-based cohort study. Journal of Public Health 2009;31:360-5
pubmed open accessEmslie C, Browne S, MacLeod U, Rozmovits L, Mitchell E, Ziebland S. ‘Getting through’ not ‘going under’: a qualitative study of men’s and women’s experiences of spousal support after diagnosis with colorectal cancer. Social Science & Medicine 2009;68:1169-76
pubmedEmslie C, Hunt K. 'Live to work' or 'work to live'? A qualitative study of gender and work-life balance among men and women in mid-life. Gender, Work and Organization 2009;16:151-172
open accessEmslie C, Hunt K. Men, masculinities and heart disease: a systematic review of the qualitative literature. Current Sociology Monograph 2009;57:155-191
Emslie C, Lewars H, Batty GD, Hunt K. Are there gender differences in levels of heavy, binge and problem drinking? Evidence from three generations in the West of Scotland. Public Health 2009;123:12-14
pubmed open accessEmslie C, Mitchell R. Are there gender differences in the geography of alcohol-related mortality in Scotland? An ecological study. BMC Public Health 2009;9:58
pubmed open accessGray C, Anderson A, Dalziel A, Hunt K, Leishman J, Wyke S. Addressing male obesity: an evaluation of a group-based weight management intervention for Scottish men. Journal of Men's Health and Gender 2009;6:70-81
Gurney S. Gender, work-life balance and health amongst women and men in administrative, manual and technical jobs in a single organisation: a qualitative study [PhD], MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit 2009.
open accessHilton S, Emslie C, Hunt K, Chapple A, Ziebland S. Disclosing a cancer diagnosis to friends and family: a gendered analysis of young men and women’s experiences. Qualitative Health Research 2009;19:744-54
pubmed open accessHunt K, Batty GD. Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and health behaviours: an overview. In: Graham H, editor Understanding health inequalities. Second ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2009:141-161.
Hunt K, France E, Ziebland S, Field K, Wyke S. 'My brain couldn't move from planning a birth to planning a funeral' a qualitative study of parents' experiences of decisions after ending a pregnancy for fetal abnormality. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2009;46:1111-21.
pubmedHunt K, Sweeting H, Sargent J, Lewars H, Dal Cin S, Worth K. An examination of the association between seeing smoking in films and tobacco use in young adults in the West of Scotland: cross-sectional study. Health Education Research 2009;24:22-31
pubmed open accessO'Brien R, Hunt K, Hart GJ. ‘The average Scottish man has a cigarette hanging out of his mouth, lying there with a portion of chips’: prospects for change in Scottish men’s constructions of masculinity and their health-related beliefs and behaviours. Critical Public Health 2009;19:363-81
Phillips AC, Gallagher S, Hunt K, Der G, Carroll D. Symptoms of depression in non-routine caregivers: the role of caregiver strain and burden . British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2009;48:335-46
pubmed2008
Batty GD, Deary IJ, Schoon I, Emslie C, Hunt K, Gale C. Childhood mental ability and adult alcohol intake and alcohol problems: the 1970 British Cohort Study. American Journal of Public Health 2008;98:2237-43
pubmed open accessBatty GD, Lewars H, Emslie C, Benzeval M, Hunt K. Problem drinking and exceeding guidelines for 'sensible' alcohol consumption in Scottish men: associations with life course socioeconomic disadvantage in a population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2008;8:302
pubmed open accessElliot R. Women and smoking since 1890. Abingdon: Routledge, 2008.
Emslie C, Hunt K. The weaker sex? Exploring lay understandings of gender differences in life expectancy: a qualitative study. Social Science & Medicine 2008;67:808-16
pubmed open accessHilton S, Hunt K, Emslie C , Salinas M , Ziebland S. Have men been overlooked? A comparison of young men and women's experiences of chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Psycho-Oncology 2008;17:577-83
pubmedTownsend A, Wyke S, Hunt K. Frequent consulting and multiple morbidity: a qualitative comparison of 'high' and 'low' consulters of general practitioners. Family Practice 2008;25:168-175
pubmed open access2007
Carroll D, Phillips AC, Hunt K, Der G. Symptoms of depression and cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress: evidence from a population study. Biological Psychology 2007;75:68-74
pubmedEmslie C, Ridge D, Ziebland S, Hunt K. Exploring men's and women's experiences of depression and engagement with health professionals: more similarities than differences? A qualitative interview study. BMC Family Practice 2007;8:43
pubmed open accessEmslie C, Whyte F, Campbell A, Mutrie N, Lee L, Ritchie D, Kearney N. 'I wouldn't have been interested in just sitting round a table talking about cancer' exploring the experiences of women with breast cancer in a group exercise trial. Health Education Research 2007;22:827-38
pubmed open accessEmslie C. Kvinder, mænd og iskæmisk hjertesygdom: review af kvalitative studier - sekundærpublikation [Translated reprint of Emslie 2005: Women, men and coronary heart disease]. Tidsskrift for Sygelplejeforskning (Journal of Nursing Research) 2007;23:15-29
Gurney S, Emslie C, Macintyre S. Perceptions of work-life balance in 'ResearchOrg'. Glasgow, 2007
Hilton S, Hunt K, Petticrew M. Gaps in parental understandings and experiences of vaccine-preventable diseases. A qualitative study. Child: Care, Health and Development 2007;33:170-179
pubmed open accessHunt K, Lewars H, Emslie C, Batty GD. Decreased risk of death from coronary heart disease amongst men with higher 'femininity' scores: a general population cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology 2007;36:612-620
pubmedHunt K. Understanding gender and health: systematically comparing the health and health experiences of men and women [PhD], MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit 2007.
Mutrie N, Campbell A, Whyte F, McConnachie A, Emslie C, Lee L, Kearney N, Walker A, Ritchie D. Benefits of supervised group exercise programme for women being treated for early stage breast cancer: pragmatic randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal 2007;334:517-20
pubmedO'Brien R, Hart G, Hunt K. Standing out from the herd: men renegotiating masculinity in relation to their experience of illness. International Journal of Men's Health 2007;6:178-200
2006
Adamson J, Ebrahim S, Dieppe P, Hunt K. Prevalence and risk factors for joint pain among men and women in the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2006;65:520-524
pubmedElliot R. 'Because everybody did it then': smoking among women in Britain 1930-2000 from oral history sources. Women's History Review 2006;15:297-322
Elliott A M, Hannaford P C, Smith B H, Wyke S, Hunt K. Symptom experience and subsequent mortality: results from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study. BMC Health Services Research 2006;6:158-167
pubmed open accessEmslie C, Hunt K. Genetic susceptibility. In: Clarke A, Ticehurst F, editors Living with the Genome: ethical and social aspects of human genetics.. Houndsmill, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006:102-107.
Emslie C, Ridge D, Ziebland S, Hunt K. Men's accounts of depression: reconstructing or resisting hegemonic masculinity?. Social Science & Medicine 2006;62:2246-2257
pubmedHunt K, Sweeting H, Keoghan M, Platt S. Sex, gender role orientation, gender role attitudes and suicidal thoughts in three generations: a general population study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2006;41:641-7
pubmedMacLean A. Rules for the boys, guidelines for the girls: a qualitative study of the factors influencing gender differences in symptom reporting during childhood and adolescence [PhD], MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit 2006.
open accessO'Brien R. Men's health and illness: the relationship between masculinities and health [PhD], MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit 2006.
open accessScanlon K, Harding S, Hunt K, Petticrew M, Rosato M, Williams R. Potential barriers to the prevention of cancers and to early cancer detection among Irish people living in Britain: a qualitative study. Ethnicity & Health 2006;11:325-341
pubmedTownsend A, Wyke S, Hunt K. Self-managing and managing self: practical and moral dilemmas in accounts of living with chronic illness. Chronic Illness 2006;2:185-194
pubmed2005
Emslie C. Women, men and coronary heart disease: a review of the qualitative literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2005;51:382-395
pubmed open accessO'Brien R, Hunt K, Hart G. 'It's caveman stuff, but that is to a certain extent how guys still operate' men's accounts of masculinity and help seeking. Social Science & Medicine 2005;61:503-516
pubmedTownsend A. Multiple morbidity and moral identity in mid-life: accounts of chronic illness and the place of the GP consultation in overall management strategies [PhD], MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit 2005.
open access2004
Craig J, Bradbury I, Collinson P, Emslie C, Findlay I, Hunt K, Kohli H, Kulkarni U, Macpherson K, Riches E, Single A, Tochel C. The organisation of troponin testing services in acute coronary syndromes. Glasgow, 2004
Emslie C, Hunt K, Macintyre S. Gender, work-home conflict and minor morbidity amongst white-collar bank employees in the UK. International Journal of Behavioural Medicine 2004;11:127-134
pubmedEmslie C, Hunt K, O'Brien R. Masculinities in older men: a qualitative study in the West of Scotland. Journal of Men's Studies 2004;12:207-226
Hunt K, Hannah MK, West P. Contextualising smoking: masculinity, femininity and class differences in smoking in men and women from three generations in the West of Scotland. Health Education Research 2004;19:239-249.
pubmed open access2003
Emslie C, Hunt K, Watt G. A chip off the old block? Lay understandings of inheritance amongst men and women in mid-life. Public Understanding of Science 2003;12:47-65
Sweeting H, West P. Sex differences in health at ages 11, 13 and 15. Social Science & Medicine 2003;56:31-39
pubmed open accessTownsend A, Hunt K, Wyke S. Managing multiple morbidity in mid-life: a qualitative study of attitudes to drug use. British Medical Journal 2003;327:837-840
pubmedWyke S, Hunt K, Walker J, Wilson P. Frequent attendance, socio-economic status and burden of ill health: an investigation in the West of Scotland. European Journal of General Practice 2003;9:48-55
pubmed2002
Emslie C, Fuhrer R, Hunt K, Macintyre S, Shipley M, Stansfeld S. Gender differences in mental health: evidence from three organisations. Social Science & Medicine 2002;54:621-624
pubmedEmslie C, Hunt K, Macintyre S. How similar are the smoking and drinking habits of men and women in non-manual jobs?. European Journal of Public Health 2002;12:22-28
pubmed open accessHunt K. Re-evaluating gender and smoking in Thunderbirds thirty five years on. Tobacco Control 2002;11:151-153
pubmed open access2001
Elliot R. Destructive but sweet: cigarette smoking among women 1890-1990 [PhD], 2001.
open accessEmslie C, Hunt K, Macintyre S. Perceptions of body image amongst working men and women. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2001;55:406-407
Emslie C, Hunt K, Watt G. 'I'd rather go with a heart attack than drag on' lay images of heart disease and the problems they present for primary and secondary prevention. Coronary Health Care 2001;5:25-32
Emslie C, Hunt K, Watt G. Invisible women? The importance of gender in lay beliefs about heart problems. Sociology of Health & Illness 2001;23:201-231
open accessHunt K, Emslie C, Watt G. Lay constructions of a 'family history' of heart disease: potential for misunderstandings in the clinical encounter?. The Lancet 2001;357:1168-1171
pubmedHunt K, Emslie C. Commentary: the prevention paradox in lay epidemiology- Rose revisited. International Journal of Epidemiology 2001;30:442-446
pubmed open accessHunt K, Ford G, Mutrie N. Is sport for all? Exercise and physical activity patterns in early and late middle age in the West of Scotland. Health Education 2001;101:151-158
McConnachie A, Hunt K, Emslie C, Hart C, Watt G. 'Unwarranted survivals' and 'anomalous deaths' from coronary heart disease: prospective survey of general population. British Medical Journal 2001;323:1487-1491
pubmed2000
Annandale E, Hunt K. Gender inequalities in health. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2000.
Hunt K, Davison C, Emslie C, Ford G. Are perceptions of a family history of heart disease related to health-related attitudes and behaviours?. Health Education Research 2000;15:131-143
pubmed open accessHunt K, Emslie C, Watt G. Barriers rooted in biography: how interpretations of family patterns of heart disease and early life experiences may undermine behavioural change in mid-life. In: Graham H, editor Understanding health inequalities. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2000:113-126.
1999
Emslie C, Hunt K, Macintyre S. Gender differences in health amongst full-time employees of a British University. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 1999;53:465-475
pubmedEmslie C, Hunt K, Macintyre S. Gender or job differences? Working conditions amongst men and women in white-collar occupations. Work, Employment and Society 1999;13:711-729
pubmedEmslie C, Hunt K, Macintyre S. Problematizing gender, work and health: the relationship between gender, occupational grade, working conditions, and minor morbidity in full-time bank employees. Social Science & Medicine 1999;48:33-48
pubmedHunt K, Ford G, Harkins L, Wyke S. Are women more ready to consult than men? Gender differences in general practitioner consultation for common chronic conditions. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 1999;4:96-100
pubmedMacintyre S, Ford G, Hunt K. Do women 'over- report' morbidity? Men's and women's responses to structured prompting on a standard question on long standing illness. Social Science & Medicine 1999;48:89-98
pubmed1998
Graham H, Hunt K. Socioeconomic influences on women's smoking status in adulthood: insights from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study. Health Bulletin 1998;56:51-58
Wyke S, Hunt K, Ford G. Gender differences in consulting a general practitioner for common symptoms of minor illness. Social Science & Medicine 1998;46:901-906
pubmed1995
Sweeting H. Reversals of fortune? Sex differences in health in childhood and adolescence. Social Science & Medicine 1995;40:77-90
pubmed1994
Anderson AS, Hunt K, Ford G, Finnigan F. One apple a day? Fruit and vegetable intake in the West of Scotland. Health Education Research 1994;9:297-305
1993
Hunt K, Annandale E. Just the job? Is the relationship between health and domestic and paid work gender-specific?. Sociology of Health & Illness 1993;15:632-664
open access1992
Anderson AS, Hunt K. Who are the 'healthy' eaters? Eating patterns and health promotion in the West of Scotland. Health Education Journal 1992;51:3-10
1990
Annandale E, Hunt K. Masculinity, femininity and sex: an exploration of their relative contribution to explaining gender differences in health. Sociology of Health & Illness 1990;12:24-46
open access
