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Staff Member Biography

Alastair H Leyland

Alastair H Leylandposition: Programme Leaderprogramme: Measuring Health

Contact Details

email:
phone: 0141 357 7504

Address

MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit
4 Lilybank Gardens
Glasgow G12 8RZ

Biography and Interests

Alastair obtained his B.Sc. (Hons) in Mathematics and his M.Sc. in Applied Statistics from the University of Southampton and his Ph.D. from the University of Sunderland. He worked at the Public Health Research Unit at the University of Glasgow and, following its merger with the Medical Sociology Unit, has been working at the Social and Public Health Sciences Unit since 1999. Alastair is on the Governing Council of the European Public Health Association (EUPHA), joint President of the Public Health Epidemiology section of EUPHA and a committee member of the Society for Social Medicine. He is treasurer for the Glasgow local group of the Royal Statistical Society and is a fellow of the Faculty of Public Health. In October 2006 he was appointed Honorary Professor in the Division of Community Based Sciences at the University of Glasgow. Alastair currently sits on the Public Health Research Funding Board of the National Institute of Health Research. He has been an editor of the European Journal of Public Health since December 2009.

 

Since 1999 Alastair has been head of the programme on Measuring Health, Variations in Health and the Determinants of Health. His recent research has focussed on inequalities in mortality in Scotland. Other research interests include the application of multilevel modelling to health data, particularly focusing on its use as a tool for exploring inequalities, and exploring the uses of routinely collected and linked hospital discharge, mortality and register data (see, for example, population health in Scotland and the longitudinal effects of context on health). Alastair is one of the principal investigators on the National Evaluation of Sure Start. He has also given a number of training courses with Professor Peter Groenewegen from the Netherlands Centre for Health Services Research: Health in Context: A course in Multilevel Modelling for Public Health and Health Services Research.

Publications

Hotchkiss J, Davies C, Gray L, Bromley C, Leyland AH. Trends in cardiovascular disease biomarkers and their socioeconomic patterning among adults in the Scottish population 1995 to 2009: cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open (in press).

Lumme S, Sund R, Leyland AH, Keskimäki I. Socioeconomic equity in amenable mortality in Finland 1992-2008. Social Science & Medicine [in press].

Mok PLH, Leyland A, Kapur N, Windfuhr K, Appleby L, Platt S, Webb RT. Why does scotland have a higher suicide rate than england? An area-level investigation of health and social factors. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health [in press].

Brown D, Benzeval M, Gayle V, Macintyre S, O'Reilly D, Leyland AH. Childhood residential mobility and health in late adolescence and adulthood: findings from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study [Epub ahead of print]. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2012.

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Brown D, O'Reilly D, Gayle V, Macintyre S, Benzeval M, Leyland AH. Socio-demographic and health characteristics of individuals left behind in deprived and declining areas in Scotland. Health & Place 2012;18:440-444.

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Cooper C, Frank J, Leyland A, Hardy R, Lawlor DA, Wareham NJ, Dezateux C, Inskip H. Using cohort studies in lifecourse epidemiology. Public Health 2012.

Ellaway A, Benzeval M, Green M, Leyland AH, Macintyre S. 'Getting sicker quicker': does living in a more deprived neighbourhood mean your health deteriorates faster? Health & Place 2012;18:132-7.

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Gray L, Merlo J, Mindell J, Hallqvist J, Tafforeau J, O'Reilly D, Regidor E, Næss Ø, Kelleher C, Helakorpi S, Lange C, Leyland AH. International differences in self-reported health measures in 33 major metropolitan areas in Europe. European Journal of Public Health 2012;22:40-7.

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Leyland A, Brown D, O'Reilly D, Gayle V, Macintyre S, Benzeval M. Population mobility and its role in widening health inequalities in scotland [executive summary]. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Health Directorates Chief Scientist Office [CZH/4/546], 2012.

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Leyland A. Alcohol, financial crisis and reform: Learning from the russian experience [editorial].  European Journal of Public Health 2012.

Mok PL, Kapur N, Windfhur K, Leyland AH, Appleby L, Platt S, Webb RT. Diverging trends in national suicide rates for Scotland and England and Wales, 1960-2008. British Journal of Psychiatry 2012;200:245-251.

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Randall DA, Jorm LR, Lujic S, O’Loughlin AJ, Churches TR, Haines MM, Eades SJ, Leyland AH. Mortality after admission for acute myocardial infarction in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in New South Wales, Australia: a multilevel data linkage study. BMC Public Health 2012;12:281.

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Benzeval MJ, Green MJ, Leyland AH. Do social inequalities in health widen or converge with age? Longitudinal evidence from three cohorts in the West of Scotland. BMC Public Health 2011;11:947.

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Fairley L, Dundas R, Leyland AH. The influence of both individual and area based socioeconomic status on temporal trends in Caesarean sections in Scotland 1980-2000. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:330.

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Gray L, Leyland AH. Chapter 7: Adult and child obesity. In: Bromley C, Given L, eds. The Scottish Health Survey 2010 Volume 1: Main report. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government Health Directorate, 2011.

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Gray L, Leyland AH. Chapter 8: Respiratory health and lung function. In: Bromley C, Given L, eds. The Scottish Health Survey 2010 Volume 1: Main report. Edinburgh, 2011.

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Hotchkiss J, Davies C, Gray L, Bromley C, Capewell S, Leyland AH. Trends in adult cardiovascular disease risk factors and their socioeconomic patterning in the Scottish population 1995 to 2008: Cross-sectional Surveys. BMJ Open 2011:doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000176.

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Hotchkiss J, Leyland AH. The relationship between body size and mortality in the linked Scottish Health Surveys: Cross-sectional surveys with follow-up. International Journal of Obesity 2011; 35:838-51.

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McCartney G, Mahmood L, Leyland AH, Batty GD, Hunt KM. Contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries. Tobacco Control  2011; 20:166-8.

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Popham F, Boyle P, O'Reilly D, Leyland AH. Selective internal migration. Does it explain Glasgow's worsening mortality record? Health & Place  2011; 17:1212-17.

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Brown D, Leyland AH. Scottish mortality rates 2000-2002 by deprivation and small area population mobility. Social Science & Medicine 2010; 71:1951-7.

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Davies CA, Leyland AH. Trends and inequalities in short-term acute myocardial infarction case fatality in Scotland, 1988-2004. Population Health Metrics 2010; 8:33.

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Dundas R, Leyland AH. The social patterning of deaths due to assault in Scotland, 1980-2005: a population based study. AQMeN Applied Quantitative Methods Newsletter, 2010:(Issue 3, September).

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Fransson C, Tomasi C, Leyland AH, Wennström J, Berglundh T. Severity and pattern of peri-implantitis-associated bone loss. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2010; 37:442-8.

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Gray L, Batty GD, Craig P, Stewart C, Whyte B, Findlayson B, Leyland AH. Cohort Profile: The Scottish Health Surveys Cohort:  linkage of study participants to routinely collected records for mortality, hospital discharge, cancer and offspring birth characteristics in three nationwide studies. International Journal of Epidemiology 2010; 39:345-50.

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Gray L, Leyland AH. Chapter 5: Diet. In: Bromley C, Given L, Ormston R, eds. The Scottish Health Survey 2009 Volume 1: Main Report. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government Health Directorate, 2010.

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Gray L, Leyland AH. Chapter 7: Adult obesity. In: Bromley C, Given L, Ormston R, eds. The Scottish Health Survey 2009 Volume 1: Main Report. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government Health Directorate, 2010.

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Jackson A, Davies CA, Leyland AH. Do differences in the administrative structure of populations confound comparisons of geographic health inequalities? BMC Medical Research Methodology 2010; 10:74.

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Leyland AH, Dundas R. The social patterning of deaths due to assault in Scotland, 1980-2005: population based study. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2010; 64:432-9.

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Leyland AH, Næss Ø. Analysing the effect of area of residence over the life course in multilevel epidemiology. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2010; 38:119-26.

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Leyland AH. Methodological challenges in the evaluation of community interventions. European Journal of Public Health 2010; 20:242-3.

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Leyland AH. No quick fix: understanding the difference between fixed and random effect models. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2010; 64:1027-8.

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Molaodi OR, Harding S, Leyland AH, Ellaway A, Kearns A. Area deprivation, ethnic density and fast food outlets, supermarkets and physical activity structures in England. SSM (Society for Social Medicine) Annual Scientific Meeting. Belfast, UK: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2010: A48.

Popham F, Boyle P, O'Reilly D, Leyland AH. Exploring the impact of selective migration on the deprivation-mortality gap within Greater Glasgow. February 2010. Glasgow: Glasgow Centre for Population Health, 2010.

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Tarkiainen L, Martikainen P, Laaksonen M, Leyland AH. Comparing the effects of neighbourhood characteristics on all-cause mortality using two hierarchical areal units in the capital region of Helsinki. Health & Place 2010;16:409-12.

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The National Evaluation of Sure Start (NESS) Research Team (including Leyland A.H.). The impact of Sure Start Local Programmes on five year olds and their families. London: Department of Families and Education, 2010.

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Bond L, Leyland AH, Macintyre S, Wight D. Evaluation of a youth development programme demonstrates the need for the randomised roll-out of community interventions (rapid response). British Medical Journal 2009:July 16th.

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Brown D, Leyland AH. Population mobility, deprivation and self-reported limiting long-term illness in small areas across Scotland. Health & Place 2009; 15:37-44.

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Davies CA, Dundas R, Leyland AH. Increasing socioeconomic inequalities in first acute myocardial infarction in Scotland, 1990-92 and 2000-2. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:134.

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Gray L, Leyland AH. A multilevel analysis of diet and socio-economic status in Scotland: investigating the Glasgow effect. Public Health Nutrition 2009; 12:1351-8.

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Gray L, Leyland AH. Chapter 4: Smoking. In: Bromley C, Bradshaw P, Given L, eds. The Scottish Health Survey 2008; Volume 1: Main report. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government Health Directorate, 2009.

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Gray L, Leyland AH. Chapter 7: Obesity. In: Bromley C, Bradshaw P, Given L, eds. The Scottish Health Survey 2008; Volume 1: Main report. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government Health Directorate, 2009.

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Gray L, Leyland AH. Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status?: a multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:245.

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Leyland AH, Lynch JW. Why has mortality from coronary heart disease in young adults levelled off? British Medical Journal 2009; 339:b5215.

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Leyland AH, Næss Ø. The effect of area of residence over the life course on subsequent mortality. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A 2009; 172:555-78.

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Manderbacka K, Arffman M, Leyland AH, McCallum A, Keskimäki I. Change and persistence in health care inequalities: access to elective surgery in Finland in 1992-2003. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2009; 37:131-8.

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Belsky J, Leyland AH, Barnes J, Melhuish E. Sure Start in England. Lancet 2009; 373:381.
Gray L, Leyland AH. Chapter 5: Fruit and vegetable consumption. In: Bromley C, Bradshaw P, Given L, eds. The Scottish Health Survey 2008; Volume 1: Main Report. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government Health Directorate, 2009.
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Bloor M, Gannon M, Hay G, Jackson G, Leyland AH, McKeganey N. Contribution of problem drug users' deaths to excess mortality in Scotland: secondary analysis of cohort study. British Medical Journal 2008; 337:a478-.
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Gray L, Leyland AH. Overweight status and psychological wellbeing in adolescent boys and girls: a multilevel analysis. European Journal of Public Health 2008; 18:616-21.

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Lumme S, Leyland AH, Keskimäki I. Multilevel modeling of regional variation in equity in health care. Medical Care 2008; 46:976-83.
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Melhuish E, Belsky J, Leyland AH, Barnes J, the National Evaluation of Sure Start Research Team. Effects of fully-established Sure Start Local Programmes on 3 year old children and their families living in England: a quazi-experimental observational study. Lancet 2008; 372:1641-47.
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Næss Ø, Davey Smith G, Claussen B, Leyland AH. Life course influence of residential area on cause specific mortality. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2008; 62:29-34.
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The National Evaluation of Sure Start (NESS) Research Team (including Leyland AH). The impact of Sure Start Local Programmes on three year olds and their families. London: Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, Birkbeck, University of London, NESS/2008/FR/027, 2008.
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Leyland A, Dundas R, McLoone P, Boddy FA. Cause-specific inequalities in mortality in Scotland: two decades of change. A population-based study.
BMC Public Health
2007; 7:172.
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Leyland AH, Dundas R, McLoone P, Boddy FA. Inequalities in mortality in Scotland 1981-2001. Glasgow: MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Occasional Paper 16, 2007
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Leyland AH, Næss Ø. Multilevel modelling of the longitudinal influence of neighbourhoods on health (e-letter). Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Online 2007:18 January.
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Manda SOM, Leyland AH. An empirical comparison of maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation methods for multivariate disease mapping. South African Statistical Journal 2007; 41:1-21.


Melhuish E, Belsky J, Anning A, Ball M, Barnes J, Romaniuk H, Leyland AH, NESS Research Team. Variation in community intervention programmes and consequences for children and families: the example of Sure Start Local Programmes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2007; 48:543-51.
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Næss Ø, Piro FN, Nafstad P, Davey Smith G, Leyland AH. Air pollution, social deprivation and mortality. A multilevel cohort study of 468 small neighborhoods in Oslo, Norway. Epidemiology 2007; 18:686-694.
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Tomasi C, Leyland AH, Wennstrom JL. Factors influencing the outcome of non-surgical periodontal treatment: a multilevel approach. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2007; 34:682-690.
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Belsky J, Melhuish E, Barnes J, Leyland AH, Romaniuk H, National Evaluation of Sure Start Research Team. Effects of Sure Start local programmes on children and families: early findings from a quasi-experimental, cross sectional study. British Medical Journal 2006; 332:1476-1748.
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Chaix B, Leyland AH, Sabel C, Chauvin P, Rastam L, Kristersson H, Merlo J. Spatial clustering of mental disorders and associated characteristics of the neighbourhood context in Malmo, Sweden, in 2001. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2006; 60:427-435.
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Dundas R, Leyland AH, Macintyre S, Leon DA. Does the primary school attended influence self-reported health or its risk factors in later life? Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Study. International Journal of Epidemiology 2006; 35:458-465.
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Fairley L, Leyland AH. Social class inequalities in perinatal outcomes: Scotland 1980-2000. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2006; 60:31-36.
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Kajantie M, Manderbacka K, McCallum A, Notkola I-L, Arffman M, Forssas E, Karvonen S, Kortteinen M, Leyland AH, Keskimäki I. How to carry out register-based health services research in Finland? Compiling complex study data in the REDD project. Helsinki: STAKES, 2006.
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Levin KA, Leyland AH. A comparison of health inequalities in urban and rural Scotland. Social Science and Medicine 2006; 62:1457-1464.
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Levin KA, Leyland AH. Urban-rural inequalities in ischemic heart disease in Scotland, 1981-1999. American Journal of Public Health 2006; 96:145-151.
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Leyland AH. A review of multilevel modelling in SPSS. Centre for Multilevel Modelling Software Reviews of Multilevel Analysis Packages., 2006.
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Leyland AH. Homicides involving knives and other sharp objects in Scotland, 1981-2003. Journal of Public Health 2006; 28:145-147.
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Barnes J, Belsky J, Broomfield K, Dave S, Frost M, Melhuish E, National Evaluation of Sure Start Research Team, (including Leyland A H). Disadvantaged but different: Variation among deprived communities in relation to child and family well-being. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2005; 46:952-962.
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Gray L, Leyland AH. General and psychosocial health. In: Bromley S, Shelton N, eds. Volume 3: Children's health, The Scottish Health Survey 2003. Edinburgh: The Scottish Executive Department of Health, 2005:129-168.
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Gray L, Leyland AH. General health, psychosocial health and use of services. In: Bromley C, Sproston K, Shelton N, eds. The Scottish Health Survey 2003. Volume 2: Adults. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2005:191-254.
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Levin KA, Leyland AH. Urban/rural inequalities in suicide in Scotland, 1981-1999. Social Science and Medicine 2005; 60:2877-2890.
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Leyland AH, Davies CA. Empirical Bayes methods for disease mapping. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2005; 14:17-34.
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Leyland AH. Assessing the impact of mobility on health: implications for life course epidemiology. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2005; 59:90-91.
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Leyland AH. Socioeconomic gradients in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Scotland: the roles of composition and context. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2005; 59:799-803.
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Næss Ø, Leyland AH, Davey-Smith G, Claussen B. Contextual effect on mortality of neighbourhood level education explained by earlier life deprivation. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2005; 59:1058-1059.
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The National Evaluation of Sure Start (NESS) Research Team. Early Impacts of Sure Start Local Programmes on Children and Families. London: Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, Birkbeck, University of London, 2005.
Tunstill J, Allnock D, Akhurst S, Garbers C, Leyland AH, NESS Research Team. Sure Start Local Programmes: Implications of case study data from the National Evaluation of Sure Start. Children & Society 2005; 19:158-171.
Davies C, Leyland AH. Spatial patterns of cancer mortality in Europe. In: Kirch W, ed. Public health in Europe: 10 years EUPHA. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004:227-243.
Leyland AH. Increasing inequalities in premature mortality in Great Britain. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2004; 58:296-302.
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National Evaluation of Sure Start Research Team (including Leyland AH). The National Evaluation of Sure Start local programmes in England. Child and Adolescent Mental Health 2004; 9:2-8.
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West P, Sweeting H, Leyland AH. School effects on pupils' health behaviours: evidence in support of the health promoting school. Research Papers in Education 2004; 19:261-291.
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Gravelle H, Sutton M, Morris S, Windmeijer F, Leyland AH, Dibben C, Muirhead M. A model of supply and demand influences on the use of health care: implications for deriving a "needs-based" capitation formula. Health Economics 2003; 12:985-1004.

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Hetemaa T, Keskimäki I, Manderbacka K, Leyland AH, Koskinen S. How did the recent increased supply of coronary operations in Finland affect socio-economic and gender equity in their use? Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2003; 57:178-185.
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Leyland AH, Groenewegen PP. Multilevel modelling and public health policy. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2003; 31:267-274.
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The National Evaluation of Sure Start (NESS) Research Team (including Leyland AH). Profiles of rounds 1 to 4 Sure Start local programme areas and a sample of round 5, to-be-Sure Start local programme areas. Birkbeck College, University of London: Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, 2003.
Sutton M, Gravelle H, Morris S, Leyland AH, Windmeijer F, Dibben C, Muirhead M. Allocation of Resources to English Areas. Individual and small area determinants of morbidity and use of healthcare resources. Edinburgh: Information and Statistics Division, 2002.
The National Evaluation of Sure Start (NESS) Research Team (including Leyland AH). Asking the right questions: The National Evaluation of Sure Start. Interplay 2002; 1:26-31.
Westert G, Lagoe R, Keskimäki I, Leyland AH, Murphy M. An international study of hospital readmissions and related utilization in Europe and the USA. Health Policy 2002; 61:269-278.
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Goldstein H, Leyland AH. Further topics in multilevel modelling. In: Leyland A, Goldstein H, eds. Multilevel Modelling of Health Statistics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2001:175-186.
Keskimäki I, Karvonen S, Sund R, Leyland AH. Monitasomallien käyttö terveystutkimuksessa (Finnish) [Multilevel modelling in health research]. Sosiäälilaaketieteellinen Aikakauslehti [Journal of Social Medicine] 2001; 38:327-335.
Lewsey JD, Murray GD, Leyland AH, Boddy FA. Using routine data to complement and enhance the results of randomised controlled trials. In: Stevens A, Abrams K, Brazier R, Lilford R, eds. The Advanced Handbook of Research Methods in Evidence Based Health Care: Insights from the NHS HTA Programme. London: Sage, 2001:149-165.
Leyland AH, Goldstein H (eds). Multilevel Modelling of Health Statistics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
Leyland AH. Comment on Smith PC, Rice N, Carr-Hill, R. Capitation funding in the public sector. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 2001:164-245.
Leyland AH. Spatial Analysis. In: Leyland AH, Goldstein H, eds. Multilevel Modelling of Health Statistics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2001:143-157.
Morrison JM, Carroll L, Twaddle SE, Cameron IT, Grimshaw JM, Leyland AH, Baillie HM, Watt GCM. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate guidelines for the management of infertility across the primary-secondary interface. British Medical Journal 2001; 322:1282-1284.
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Lewsey JD, Leyland AH, Murray GD, Boddy FA. Using routine data to complement and enhance the results of randomised controlled trials. International Journal of Health Technology Assessment 2000; 4.
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Leyland A, Langford IH, Rasbash J, Goldstein H. Multivariate spatial models for event data. Statistics in Medicine 2000; 19:2469-2478.
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Leyland AH, McLeod A. Mortality in England and Wales, 1979-1992, an introduction to Multilevel Modelling using MLwiN. Glasgow: MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Occasional Paper 1, 2000.
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Langford I, Leyland AH, Rasbash J, Goldstein H, Day RJ, McDonald A. Multilevel modelling of area-based health data. In: Lawson A, Biggeri A, Bohning D, Lesaffre E, Viel J, Bertolini R, eds. Disease Mapping and Risk Assessment for Public Health. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1999:217-228.
Langford IH, Leyland AH, Rasbash J, Goldstein H. Multilevel modelling of the geographical distributions of rare diseases. Applied Statistics 1999; 48:253-268.
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Lewsey JD, Murray GD, Leyland AH, Boddy FA. Comparing outcomes of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with coronary artery bypass grafting: can routine health service data complement and enhance randomised controlled trials? European Heart Journal 1999; 20:1731-1735.
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Leyland AH, Boddy FA. League tables and acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1998; 351:555-558.
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Leyland AH, Boddy FA. Measuring performance in hospital care: the example of length of stay in gynaecology. European Journal of Public Health 1997; 7:136-143.
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Langford IH, Leyland AH, Rasbash J, Goldstein H. Multilevel modelling of the geographical distribution of rare diseases. Symposium on the expansion method (proceedings) vol 2. Odense, Denmark, 1996:69-90.
Langford IH, Leyland AH. Comment on Goldstein H, Spiegelhalter DJ. League tables and their limitations: statistical issues in comparisons of institutional performance. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A 1996; 159:427-428.
Rice N, Leyland AH. Multilevel models: application to health data. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy 1996; 1:154-164.
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Leyland AH. Examining the relationship between length of stay and readmission rates for selected diagnoses in Scottish hospitals. The Institute of Mathematics and its Applications Journal of Mathematics Applied in Medicine and Biology 1995; 12:175-184.
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Barnard MA, McKeganey NP, Leyland AH. HIV-related risk behaviours among a sample of male clients of female prostitutes. British Medical Journal 1993; 307:361-362.
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Frischer M, Leyland AH, Cormack RM, Goldberg DJ, Bloor MJ, Green ST, Taylor A, Covell R, Mckeganey NP, Platt S. Estimating the population prevalence of injection drug use and infection with human immunodeficiency virus among injection drug users in Glasgow. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993; 138:170-181.
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Leyland AH, Barnard MA, McKeganey NP. The use of capture-recapture methodology to estimate and describe covert populations: an application to female street-working prostitution in Glasgow. Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique 1993; 38:52-73.
Leyland AH. Health inequalities and births to single mothers. British Medical Journal 1993; 306:1615.
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Leyland AH. Socioeconomic and racial differences in obstetric procedures. American Journal of Public Health 1993; 83:1178-1179.
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Leyland AH. The effect of previous cesarean section on current cesarean rates. American Journal of Public Health 1993; 83:115-116.
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McGee AM, Mutch LM, Leyland AH. Assessing children who cannot be 'tested'. Educational Psychology 1993; 13:43-48.
Mutch L, Leyland AH, McGee AM. Patterns of neuropsychological function in a low birthweight population. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1993; 35:943-956.
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Frischer M, Leyland A. Reliability of population and prevalence estimates (letter). The Lancet 1992; 339:995.
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Leyland AH, Pritchard CW. Fetal growth and ratio of placental weight to birth weight. British Medical Journal 1992; 304:1052-1053.
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Leyland AH. Gestational age and obstetric performance. Lancet 1992; 339:122.
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McKeganey NP, Barnard MA, Leyland A, Coote I, Follett E. Female streetworking prostitution and HIV infection in Glasgow. British Medical Journal 1992; 305:801-804.
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The Scottish Low Birthweight Study Group (including Leyland AH). The Scottish low birthweight study: I. Survival, growth, neuromotor and sensory impairment. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1992; 67:675-681.
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The Scottish Low Birthweight Study Group (including Leyland AH). The Scottish low birthweight study: II. Language attainment, cognitive status and behavioural problems. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1992; 67:682-686.
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Bloor MJ, Leyland A, Barnard MA, Mckeganey NP. Estimating hidden populations: a new method of calculating the prevalence of drug-injecting and non-injecting female street prostitution. British Journal of Addiction 1991; 86:1477-1483.
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Farrow M, Leyland AH. Interpretation of oral glucose tolerance test results. In: Dunstan F, Pickles J, eds. Statistics in Medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991:249-266.
Leyland AH, Pritchard CW, McLoone P, Boddy FA. Measures of performance in Scottish maternity hospitals. British Medical Journal 1991; 303:389-393.
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Leyland AH, Pritchard CW. What do doctors know of statistics? Lancet 1991; 337:679.
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Leyland AH. Trends in caesarean section. Lancet 1991; 337:1481-1482.
Leyland AH, Boddy FA. Maternal age and outcome of pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine 1990; 323:413-414.
McKeganey NP, Barnard MA, Bloor MJ, Leyland AH. Injecting drug use and female streetworking prostitution in Glasgow. AIDS 1990; 4:1153-1155.
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Mutch L, Leyland AH. Growth and nutrition in children with cerebral palsy. Lancet 1990; 336:569-670.
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